Some Interesting Facts of English Language

Some Interesting Facts of English Language

• "Forty" is the only number which has its letters in alphabetical order. "One" is the only number with its letters in reverse alphabetical order.
• "Rhythms" is the longest English word without the normal vowels, a, e, i, o, or u.
• There is no word that rhymes with orange.
• "Go." is the shortest complete sentence in the English language.
• Of all the words in the English language, the word ' set ' has the most definitions!
• Only 3 words in the English language end in "ceed": "proceed," "exceed," and "succeed."
• Of all the languages in the world, English has the largest vocabulary about 800,000 words."Underground" is the only word in the English language that begins and ends with the letters "und."
• "The sixth sick sheik's sixth sheep's sick" is said to be the toughest tongue twister in English.
• "Four" is the only number whose number of letters in the name equals the number.
• The shortest word in the English language with all its letters in alphabetical order is the word "almost."
• The longest word in the English language, according to the Oxford English Dictionary, is pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanokoniosis. The only other word with the same amount of letters is pneumonoultra-microscopicsilicovolcanoconioses, its plural.
• The letter most in use in the English language is "E" and the letter "Q" is least used.
• There is only ONE word in the English language with THREE CONSECUTIVE SETS OF DOUBLE LETTERS.... Bookkeeper
• There are two words in the English language that have all five vowels in order: "abstemious" and "facetious."

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اصطلاحات انگلیسی با کلمه chothes

   

English idioms relating to CLOTHES
Below the belt	An action or remark described as below the belt means that it is   considered unfair or cruel.   "Politicians sometimes use personal information to hit their rivals   below the belt."
Tighten your belt	If you need to tighten your belt, you must spend your money carefully.   "Another bill?  I'll have to tighten my belt this month!"
Under one's belt	If you have something under your belt, you have acquired experience   or have satisfactorily achieved something.   "You've got to have some work experience under your belt before you   can hope to get a permanent job."
Lick someone's boots	To say that one person licks another person's boots means that they   are trying to please that person, often in order to obtain something.
Get too big for your boots (or britches)	To say that a person is getting too big for their boots means that you   think they are behaving as if they were more important that they really are.   "Tom's really getting too big for his boots since he got a promotion -    he hardly says hello any more!"
Put on your thinking cap	If you tell someone to put their thinking cap on, you ask them   to find an idea or solve a problem by thinking about it.   "Now here's this week's quiz - it's time to put your thinking caps on!"
A feather in one's cap	To describe someone's achievement as a feather in their cap means that   it is something they can be proud of.   "The overwhelming victory of the team was a feather in the cap for the new   manager."
Hot under the collar	If you get hot under the collar, you feel annoyed, indignant or   embarrassed.   "If anyone criticizes his proposals, Joe immediately gets hot   under the collar."
Off the cuff	If you speak off the cuff, you say something without any previous   thought or preparation.   "He handles off-the-cuff interviews very well."
Fit like a glove	If something fits you like a glove, it fits you perfectly.   "I was lucky! The first skirt I tried on fitted me like a glove!"
Hand in glove	Two or more people who are in collusion, or work in close association,   are said to be hand in glove.   "After the match, it was discovered that he was hand in glove with the   referee."
Iron fist/hand in a velvet glove	This expression is used to describe someone who, behind an   appearance of gentleness, is inflexible and determined.   "To impose the necessary reforms, the leader used persuasion   followed by force - an iron fist in a velvet glove."
Handle someone with kid gloves.	If you handle someone with kid gloves, you treat them very carefully   or tactfully, either because they are very important or because they are   easily upset.   "He is so determined to obtain her agreement that he is handling her with   kid gloves."
At the drop of a hat	If you do something at the drop of a hat, you do it immediately and   without hesitation   "I've got great friends.  They're ready to help out at the drop of a hat."
Keep something under one's hat	To keep something under one's hat means to keep a secret.   "My boss has promised me a promotion, but it's not official yet, so keep it   under your hat."
Take one's hat off to somebody	You say this to express admiration for something someone has done.   "I take my hat off to the chef.  The meal was wonderful."
Wear many hats	Someone who wears many hats has to do many different types   of tasks or play a variety of roles.   "Our company is small so the employees need to be flexible and   accept to wear many hats.
Get your knickers in a twist.	If you get your knickers in twist, you are angry, nervous or upset faced   with a difficult situation   "Don't get your knickers in a twist!  Everything is under control."
Ants in one's pants	People who have ants in their pants are very restless or excited about   something   "I wish he'd relax.  He's got ants in his pants about something today!"
Caught with your pants down	If you are caught with your pants down, you are caught doing something   bad or forbidden.   "Our neighbours were caught interfering with their electricity metre - caught   with their pants down!"
Keep your shirt on!	If you tell somebody to keep their shirt on, you are asking them to   calm down.
In someone's shoes	To talk about being in someone's shoes means to imagine how you   would react if you were in a similar situation as that person.
Have an ace up one's sleeve	If you have an ace up your sleeve, you have something in reserve   with which you can gain an advantage.   "I'm well prepared for the negotiations.  I've got an ace up my sleeve."
Laugh up your sleeve	If you laugh up your sleeve, you are secretly amused at another   person's problems or difficulties.   "Tom felt that his explanation was confusing and that his colleague   was laughing up his sleeve."
Roll up your sleeves	When you roll up your sleeves, you get ready for hard work.   "To increase our market share we'll have to roll up our sleeves and   find new customers."
Pull your socks up	If you tell someone to pull their socks up,  you are saying that   they need to make an effort to improve their performance.
Swishing/swishing party	Swishing is the name given to a new fashion phenomenon - a party   organised to swap second hand clothes.   Everyone takes along clothes they no longer wear and people can then   choose the ones they want.
Black tie event	This expression refers to a formal event at which men are required to wear   a dinner jacket, or tuxedo, and a black bow tie.   "I need to know if it's going to be a casual get-together or a black tie event."
Wear the trousers (or pants)	The partner in a couple who wears the trousers is the one who makes the   important decisions.

 

 تهیه و تنظیم : شاهمنصوریان      موبایل : [phone]

 

انواع دیکشنری انگلیسی به انگلیسی

 

 

 

 

 

 
- English Learner Dictionaries  

Bilingual dictionaries are great. English learner dictionaries are better! These dictionaries have been designed with English learners in mind, and as such provide extra learning tools for pronunciation, verb types, basic grammar structures, and more. These dictionaries are also designed with standard test syllabi in mind so that learners are guided towards the TOEFL, IELTS or any of the Cambridge Suite of Exams (PET, KET, FCE, CAE and Proficiency).

1) Longman Learner's Dictionary of American English
Longman is the very best for students learning English to study, live and work in North America. This dictionary provides lots of handy reference materials, special in-depth looks at issues such as idioms, phrasal verbs and more.

2) American Heritage Dictionary for Learners of English
The American Heritage® Dictionary for Learners of English is especially designed to suit the needs of ESL students. With an up-to-date word list and definitions adapted from The American Heritage® Dictionary databases, abundant sample sentences and phrases, and an easy-to-use alphabetic pronunciation system all provide an excellent learning tool.

3) Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary
The standard in British English, the Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary provides the ideal tool for English learners who wish to take any of the Cambridge advanced exams (FCE, CAE and Proficiency). Dictionary includes a learning and exercises.

 

تهیه و تنظیم : شاهمنصوریان      موبایل : [phone]

 

نکات جالب در مورد زبان انگلیسی

According to Illinois state law, it is illegal to speak English. The officially recognized language is "American."

Widow is the only female form in the English language that is shorter than its corresponding male term (widower).

Victor Hugo's Les Miserable contains one of the longest sentences in the French language 823 words without a period.

There is only ONE word in the English language with THREE CONSECUTIVE SETS OF DOUBLE LETTERS.... Bookkeeper

There is a word in the English language with only one vowel, which occurs five times: "indivisibility."

There is a seven letter word in the English language that contains ten words without rearranging any of its letters, "therein": the, there, he, in, rein, her, here, ere, therein, herein.

There are two words in the English language that have all five vowels in order: "abstemious" and "facetious."

There are thirteen languages spoken by more than 100 million people. They are: Mandarin Chinese, English, Hindi, Spanish, Russian, Arabic, Bengali, Portuguese, Malay-Indonesian, French, Japanese, German, and Urdu.

There are roughly 6,500 spoken languages in the world today. However, about 2,000 of those languages have fewer than 1,000 speakers. The most widely spoken language in the world is Mandarin Chinese. There are 885,000,000 people in China that speak that language.

There are only two sequences of four consecutive letters that can be found in the English language: "rstu" and "mnop." Examples of each are understudy and gynophobia.

There are only 4 words in the English language which end in "duos": tremendous, horrendous, stupendous, and hazardous.

There are at least two words in the English language that use all of the vowels, in the correct order, and end in the letter Y: abstemiously & facetiously.

There are 41,806 different spoken languages in the world today.

The word "queue" is the only word in the English language that is still pronounced the same way when the last four letters are removed.

The word "honcho" comes from a Japanese word meaning "squad leader" and first came into usage in the English language during the American occupation of Japan following World War II.

 

Improving your motivation for learning English

Improving your motivation for learning English   In this article, we share our techniques for improving your motivation for learning English as a foreign language. We used them all the time when we were learning English and we still use them when we need to boost our motivation in areas other than English. Imagine yourself in the future Imagine you can talk to native speakers just like you talk in your first language. Imagine other people wanting to speak English as well as you do. Imagine the possibility of writing e-mail to people from all over the world. It is helpful to read an article about the advantages of knowing English well. There are two such articles on Antimoon: Why learn English and English makes you feel good. You should know that it is possible to learn English really well. Just look at other people who have done it. Remember that you are already good You already know some English (you're reading an article in English right now). That's a big success! Now it's time for more successes. Time to start using powerful methods of effective learning. Time to gain an impressive knowledge of English. Remember there is a lot that you don't know You are good, but your English probably isn't perfect. You probably can't understand English-language TV, read books in English, talk to native speakers easily, write letters without mistakes, etc. You should never think your English is perfect. Even if you are the best student in your class, always try to find your weak areas and work on them. When you've learned to speak English well, your problems will be quite small: punctuation, rarely used grammar structures, rare words, understanding "street language". Right now, your problems are probably more basic: mistakes in pronunciation, small vocabulary, grammar problems with the present perfect tense and conditional structures. Use your English whenever you can This is very, very important. The more you use English, the more you will want to learn it. Because English is so popular, you can use it everywhere. You can use Google to find English-language websites with interesting information, you can watch American cartoons, you can play adventure games on your computer, you can read interesting books in English, or you can do other things that we write about. If you do these things, you will not only have fun and learn English. If you see that a new English word lets you understand your favorite TV show (or communicate with people, or beat a computer game), you will want to learn more words. So you will learn English more, use it more, learn it more, use it more... If you also use effective learning methods, your English will grow faster than you can imagine. Talk to people about English This is a very simple method, but it is very effective. Here's how it works: You usually talk about things which interest you. But the opposite is true, too. If you start talking about a boring subject, you will begin to get interested in it. Imagine you are studying a subject that you hate. You are bored and tired, but you have to pass the test tomorrow. If there are people near you, you have two options: you can tell everybody how much you are suffering or you can tell those people about the things you've learned. If you choose the first option, you will only feel worse. If you choose the second option, and start a conversation on the "boring" subject, you will begin to look at it in a totally different way. Suddenly it will become a subject worth talking about — therefore, an interesting subject. How can you begin such a conversation? If you're studying English, you can surprise another person by talking to him/her in English. Say (in English): Hi, I'm studying English and I hate it. Or you can say (in your first language): Hey, I've learned 50 English words today. Do you know what's the English word for ...? If there are no people near you, you can telephone or send an e-mail message to your friend. What will your friends say? Probably they won't be very interested, but it doesn't matter! The important thing is this: After talking about English, you will study it with much more passion. Try it. Find a friend who is learning English If you can find a friend who is learning English and is on a similar level of skill, you will be in an excellent situation: ·             you will have someone to talk about English with. These conversations will increase your interest in English, as explained in the previous section. ·             learning English will be easier, because you will be able to discuss your problems with your friend. ·             you will study English more, because you will want to be better than your friend. :-) You should meet your friend regularly. Ideally, he/she should live near you, or go to the same school as you. If you absolutely can't find anybody willing to learn English with you, you can try to find somebody by e-mail. This is a worse solution: your conversations will probably be less frequent, and it is difficult to compete with someone who you don't know well. Spend some money on learning English If you spend your money on something, you will want to use it. For example, if you buy an expensive tennis racket, you will probably go out and play tennis every day. This rule is also true for learning English. If you want to increase your desire to learn English, buy a new dictionary, an interesting English-language book, English-language cable TV, etc. The idea is simple: You paid for it, so you will want to use it, and you will improve your English. There is a problem with this method. It only works for a short time. You usually lose your desire to learn English after a few days. To keep learning, you would have to buy something every week! However, this method is helpful, because it gives you an impulse to start learning. For example, if you buy a dictionary of phrasal verbs, you will probably learn some words from it. Then you should try to use them. For example, write an e-mail message with these words. This will increase your motivation (as explained before), and you will learn more. Read Unlimited Power by Anthony Robbins Anthony Robbins' book Unlimited Power: The New Science of Personal Achievement gives excellent advice on how to achieve any kind of goal. This book has changed the lives of many people, so you might want to take a look at it. Remember that learning English requires action We have said this many times. One small action is more powerful than reading hundreds of articles. Yes, we know it is very hard to do things, even if they are good for us. We humans are lazy creatures. That is why not many people speak English well. Still, we hope you can do the things we talk about in our English learning method — not only read about them. You will be successful only if you change something about your life. Don't put it off. Begin now.          By : shahmansourian

 

کاربرد گذشته استمراری

کاربرد گذشته استمراری

از زمان گذشته استمراري بيشتر براي بيان کارهايي استفاده مي‌شود که در گذشته اتفاق افتاده و مدتي ادامه داشته‌اند ولي حدود زماني آنها به طور دقيق مشخص يا مهم نيست.

در اغلب موارد گذشته استمراري همراه با گذشته ساده بکار مي‌رود. در چنين حالتي، گذشته استمراري بر کارها و فعاليتهاي طولاني‌تر (در پس‌زمينه) دلالت مي‌کند، در حالي که گذشته ساده بر کارها و فعاليتهايي دلالت مي‌کند که در ميانه کارهاي طولاني‌تر واقع شده‌اند.

 

 

بطور کلي «گذشته استمراري» در موارد زير بکار مي‌رود:

1- براي بيان کاري که قبل از زمان خاصي در گذشته آغاز شده و احتمالاً پس از آن نيز ادامه داشته است:

·                                 'What were you doing at 6.?'  'I was having breakfast.'
(.ساعت 6 چکار مي‌کرديد؟ داشتم صبحانه مي‌خوردم)

 

2- براي بیان کار يا فعاليتي در گذشته که به وسيله چيزي قطع شده باشد:

·                                 The phone rang when I was watching TV.
(.وقتي داشتم تلويزيون تماشا مي‌کردم، تلفن زنگ زد)

·                                 While I was driving home, my car broke down.
(.هنگاميکه داشتم به خانه بر مي‌گشتم، ماشينم خراب شد)

 

3- براي بيان کار يا فعاليتي به پايان نرسيده در زمان گذشته (در مقايسه با گذشته ساده که کارهاي کامل شده را بيان مي‌کند):

·                                 I was reading a book during the flight. (I didn't finish it)

·                                 but: I read a book during the flight. (I finished it)

 تهیه و تنظیم : هسته تخصصی شهرستان  رامسر

 

پنج اشتباه اصلی زبان آموزان

پنج اشتباه اصلی زبان آموزان

امروزه یادگیری لااقل یک زبان بیگانه از ضروریات زندگی است .ای.جی.هگ (A.J.Hoge)مدرس وکارشناس زبان عقیده دارد اگر چنانچه زبان آموزان این پنج اشتباه را مرتکب نشوند قادر خواهند بود بسرعت به مکالمه زبان انگلیسی مسلط شوند.این ۵خطا عبارتنداز:

۱-تمرکز بر گرامر(دستور زبان):یکی از بزرگترین اشتباه های زبان آموزان توجه وتمرکز بیش ازحد بر گرامر است.تحقیقات نشان داده است که مطالعه مفرط دستور زبان انگلیسی بشدت از مهارت مکالمه می کاهد .برعکس شنیدن وصحبت کردن یادگیری را تسریع می کند.در یک کشور انگلیسی زبان  وبهنگام برخورد وتعامل بامردم شما هرگز زمانی برای اندیشیدن و یاد آوری صدها وهزاران قاعده گرامر انگلیسی  راندارید .مغز شما اصلا قادر به این کار نمی باشد.شما باید از قواعد دستور زبان  مانند یک کودک وبطور ناخودآگاه  استفاده کنید. با شنیدن وگفتگو ی مستمروبی وقفه شما خواهید توانست قواعد بیشمار زبان انگلیسی رابیاموزیدو آنهارا بطور صحیح بکارببرید.

۲-اجبار درصحبت کردن:متاسفانه بسیاری از آموزگاران  به اشتباه سعی می کنند پیش از آنکه شاگردان آمادگی لازم را کسب کنند آن هارا وادار به صحبت کردن  کنند در نتیجه اغلب این افراد بسیار کندوبدون اعتماد به نفس وبادشواری انگلیسی حرف می زنند.توصیه می شود هیچگاه انگلیسی حرف زدن را به شاگردان خودتحمیل نکنید.بلکه بیشتر برروی شنیدن و گوش فرادادن تمرکز کرده وشکیبا باشید.

۳-مطالعه صرف کتاب های درسی:بیشتر محصلان زبان تلاش میکنند انگلیسی را فقط از طریق کتاب های رسمی ودر مدارس وآموزشگاه هافرابگیرند.که البته این شیوه درستی  نیست.زیراهیچ فردانگلیسی زبانی ازچنین روشی برای یادگیری زبان مادری اش استفاده نمی کند.انگلیسی زبانان معمولا به هنگام گفتگو باخویشان ودوستان وهمکاران خود به زبان محاوره ای وغیر رسمی وباصطلاح خودمانی حرف می زنندکه سرشار از اصطلاحات وعبارات محلی وبومی است.تماس با این قبیل افراد شمارا دریادگیری سریع زبان یاری می رساند.بنابر این هرگز صرفا به کتب درسی متکی نشوید.

۴-سعی در کامل وبی نقص بودن:آموزگاران وشاگردان معمولا برروی اشتباه هاواشکال ها متمرکز می شوند.ایشان اغلب از خطاها واشتباهات  ناراحت وعصبانی می شوند.آنها سعی می کنندبی نقص صحبت کننددر حالیکه هیچکس حتی خود انگلیسی زبان ها در مکالمه مصون از خطانیستند.بجای توجه وتمرکز برخطا ها واشکال ها بکوشید به نفس ارتباط وتعامل بیندیشید.فراموش نکنید که هدف شما از یادگیری زبان بدون اشتباه صحبت کردن نیست بلکه برقراری ارتباط ومبادله اطلاعات وتبادل آرا واندیشه هاست.پس به روابط بیندیشید   مثبت فکرکنید واطمینان داشته باشیدکه اشتباهات شما به مرور زمان اصلاح خواهدشد.

۵-اتکا به مدارس وآموزشگاه ها:متاسفانه بیشتر یاد گیرندگان زبان فکرمی کنندکه فقط از طریق آموزشگاه ها می توان انگلیسی را آموخت.آنها تصورمیکنند موفقیتشان در گرو آموزشگاه وآموزگار است.در صورتیکه این تفکر از اساس غلط وبی پایه است.البته یک آموزگار خوب وباتجربه دریاد گیری زبان نقش موثری ایفا می کند امادر نهایت این خود شماهستید که نقش تعیین کننده را بازی می کنید.باید کتابهایی را انتخاب کنید که موثرتروکارامد ترهستند. باید هرروزمشتاق تروپرانگیزه تر گوش کنیدو بخوانید.ویقین داشته باشید که هیچ معلمی قادر به انجام دادن معجزه نیست بلکه این خود شماهستید که اگر بخواهید خواهید توانست.

 

تهیه و تنظیم : هسته تخصصی زبان انگلیسی مقطع راهنمایی شهرستان رامسر

نکته های طلایی در یادگیری مکالمه زبان انگلیسی

نکته های طلایی در یادگیری مکالمه زبان انگلیسی یادگیری مکالمه زبان انگلیسی به شکل مطلوب، آرزوی اکثر جوانان ایرانی است. چه آنها که انگیزه خاصی برای استفاده از این توانایی دارند، مثل سفر به خارج، ادامه تحصیل یا استخدام در یک مؤسسه خارجی ویا صرفا از روی علاقه و ایجاد ارتباط با جامعه جهانی. همگان بر این اعتقاد هستند که آموزش های زبان در مدارس و دانشگاه های ایران کمکی به مکالمه نمی کند و اطلاعات مربوطه صرفا در محدوده گرامر یا ترجمه متون خلاصه می شود. برخی از خانواده های ایرانی هم چون به سختی یادگیری زبان در بزرگسالی واقف هستند، فرزندان خود را از همان سال های ابتدایی در کلاس های ویژه ثبت نام می کنند. اما بزرگسالان که فرصت شرکت در کلاس را داشته باشند ، همیشه به دنبال یک مرکز معتبر هستند و شاید چندین آموزشگاه را تجربه کرده باشند. اما چون صرفا در کلاس حضور به هم می رسانند و وقتی برای تمرین های هفتگی و مطالعه قبل از کلاس نمی گذارند، عملا به جایی نمی رسند. برخی نیز که کار و شغل روزمره اجازه حضور در کلاس را نمی دهد، با خرید انواع کتاب ها و نوارها ، تصمیم می گیرند که در منزل یا خودرو ، شخصا اقدام به یادگیری کنند که چون اجبار و ضرب العجلی برایشان نیست، به مرور از خیر این شیوه می گذرند و مجموعه ای از کتاب و سی دی و نوار روی دستشان می ماند. آنچه که در این مطلب قصد بیان آن را داریم اشاره به نکته های کلیدی و طلایی در یادگیری مکالمه زبان است که بر اساس تجربه های مختلف بدست آمده است. این اطلاعات برای هر دو گروه فوق ، بخصوص برای آنان که از به کاربردن روش های مختلف خسته شده اند بسیار مفید خواهد بود. سه شرط اصلی برای یادگیری مکالمه زبان: 1- انگیزه: تصمیم خود را بگیرید! به چه منظوری می خواهید زبان یاد بگیرید؟ اگر مصمم هستید ، آغاز کنید وگرنه وقتتان را تلف خواهید کرد!! 2- وقت و انرژی: یادگیری زبان یک کار ممتد و وقت گیر است و نباید بین بخش های مختلف آن فاصله انداخت ، پس دقیقا مشخص کنید در طول هفته چه زمانهایی را برای یادگیری مکالمه اختصاص می دهید. 3- محیط مناسب: هنگام یادگیری زبان باید فضای مناسب و ساکتی رو در نظر داشته باشید تا از تمرکز لازم برخوردار شوید.روی مکان های شلوغ یا ماشین و غیره زیاد حساب نکنید.( به همین دلیل برخی لابراتوارهای زبان را پیشنهاد می کنند). آیا زبان فرّار است؟ * اگر یادگیری مکالمه زبان بخوبی و صحیح انجام شده باشد ، نباید فرّار باشد. مثل اینکه شما بعد از 10 سال دوری از خودرو ، بخواهید رانندگی کنید و بگویید شیوه رانندگی را فراموش کرده ام. توانایی مکالمه باید به ضمیر ناخودآگاه شما رسوخ کند، آنگاه در طول زمان تنها برخی کلمات و واژه ها از ذهنتان خارج می شود اما کلیات مکالمه همچنان در توانایی شما باقی می ماند. مگر اینکه آموزش شما سطحی باشد. شنوایی مهمترین و بهترین روش * مهمترین و مفیدترین روش یادگیری مکالمه ، شنوایی است. هر چه از روش شنوایی بیشتر استفاده کنید سرعت یادگیریتان بیشتر می شود. حال چگونه باید نوار ها را گوش کنیم: 1- به هیچوجه قبل از آنکه برای چند بار نوار درس مورد نظر را گوش نکرده اید ، سراغ خواندن متن آن نروید. چون اگر ابتدا متن درس را بخوانید، ممکن است برخی کلمات را غلط تلفظ کنید و این اشتباه دائم با شما خواهد ماند. پس اول نوار را گوش کنید ، بعد متن را بخوانید. 2- هر درس را چند بار باید گوش کنیم؟ یک بار؟ 5 بار؟ 10 بار؟ نه خیر.... 100 بار!! بله تعجب نکنید ، اگر مایل هستید اعتماد به نفس لازم در مکالمه را بدست بیاورید ، هر درس را آنقدر گوش می دهید تا حفظ شوید! می توان گفت کلیدی ترین موضوع در مکالمه همین باشد. شما باید متن درس ها را حفظ کنید. بعد با خاموش کردن نوار سعی کنید مثل گوینده آن متن را تکرار کنید. بزرگترین لذت شما زمانی است که یک پاراگراف طولانی را از بر بگویید!! 3- چگونه نوار گوش کنیم؟ فقط با استفاده از هدفون. چرا؟ به دو دلیل : اول) توانمندیهای یادگیری انسان به نسبت 60 و 40 درصد بین بینایی و شنوایی تقسیم می شود. اگر بخواهیم توان بینایی ما به کمک شنوائیمان بیاید، باید چشمهایمان را ببندیم، ( تصور کنید در جایی نشسته و با کسی صحبت می کنید، همکارتان به شما نزدیک می شود و در گوش شما مطلبی را توضیح می دهد .. در آن لحظه که دارید به مطلب او گوش می کنید ، به کجا نگاه می کنید؟ با اینکه چشمانتان باز است، اما در واقع به هیچ جا نگاه نمی کنید چون تمام هوش و حواس شما به فهمیدن حرف های او معطوف است!) هدفون نیز نوعی پچ پچ در گوش شماست که باعث می شود توجه شما به طور کامل به گفتار نوار و گوینده جلب شود. دوم) صدایی که از هدفون در می آید به دلیل نزدیکی به پرده گوش انسان ، برای مدتها در محدوده ورودی گوش باقی می ماند و در یک حرکت رفت و برگشت مرتب تکرار می شود و شما سود بیشتری از آن می برید! اگر سی دی تصویری هم می بینید باید همانند سینما فضا را تاریک کنید تا هیچ چیز دیگری توجه شما را به هم نزند. 4- خوب قرار شد به نوار برای چندین بار گوش کنیم، بعد متن را حفظ کنیم. در مرحله بعد وقتی با خواندن متن به طور کامل با یحث آشنا شدیم ، باید صدای خود را ضبط کنیم. یک نوار خالی آماده کنید و هر متنی را که حفظ کردید ، بدون نگاه کردن به کتاب، در آن ضبط کنید. البته در ابتدا این کار سخت خواهد بود اما اگر بخشی را فراموش کردید ، به جای مراجعه به کتاب ، مجددا آن بخش را گوش کنید. بعد دوباره صدای خود را ضبط کنید. تازه وقتی به صدای خود گوش کردید خواهید فهمید چقدر در لهجه و تلفظ کلمات پیشرفت کرده اید! .. فراموش نکنید برای رسیدن به لهجه مناسب، شما باید همانند یک مقلد صدا یا یک بازیگر تئاتر، نحوه گویش گوینده را تقلید کنید. حتی اگر طرف یک پیرزن یا بچه باشد مثل او حرف بزنید . توجه داشته باشید، اگر سعی کنید دقیقا مثل نوار حرف بزنید، کلمات بیشتری به خاطرتان می آید ، چون شما دقیقا همانی را می گویید که شنیده اید!! ، اما اگر با لهجه خودتان حرف بزنید ، دیگر شنیده های شما دردی را دوا نمی کند ، چون ذهن شما، آنها را چیز دیگری فرض می کند. بهترین تمرین گفتار، در مقابل آینه است . در این روش اعتماد به نفس خود را نیز تقویت می کنید. نکته: کسانی که مرتب به شما توصیه می کنند ، زیاد نوار یا رادیو گوش دهید یا فیلم زبان اصلی ببینید، درست می گویند، اما اینکار به گفتار شما کمکی نمی کند بلکه تنها فایده اش ، آشنایی گوش شما با فرکانس هاس ویژه مکالمه زبان است . حتی اگر معنی کلمات را نفهمید، باز هم گوش کنید .. بعدا که با معانی آشنا شدید ، ذهن شما همانند پازل این کلمات را کنار هم قرار می دهد و برداشت لازم را از گفتار به عمل می آورد. تمرین، گرامر ، دیکته ، حفظ لغت و جمله سازی همه این موارد را فراموش کنید! در مراحل اولیه یادگیری مکالمه ، اجبار نداشته باشید که تمرین حل کنید، دیکته بنویسید، گرامر کار کنید و غیره ...فقط گوش کنید ، حفظ کنید و صدای خود را ضبط کنید.. تا آنجا پیش روید که از لهجه و سرعت گفتار خود راضی شوید. پرداختن به بحث گرامری ، شما را از هدفتان دور می کند ..شما در حین حفظ مطلب ، به طور ناخودآگاه گرامر را هم رعایت می کنید و این روش ماندگار تر است تا اینکه با هدف قبلی بخواهید نکته های گرامری را در جملات خود بکار ببرید. به دنبال یادگیری یا حفظ لغات هم نباشید ... با دیکشنری خداحافظی کنید! .... شما فقط جملات یا عبارت ها را یاد می گیرید نه کلمات .. هزاران هزار کلمه هم که بلد باشید اگر نتوانید در جمله بکار ببرید ، به چه دردتان می خورد؟ ما نباید خودمان جمله بسازیم بلکه جملات آماده را حفظ می کنیم! فراموش نکنید، شما فقط و فقط جملاتی را می توانید در گفتار خود بکار ببرید که قبلا عین آن را خوانده یا شنیده باشید! در غیر اینصورت مثل یک دانش آموز با ادب ، بگویید هنوز نخوندیم آقا! ... اگر تلاش کنید که یک جمله جدید بسازید یعنی به طور کلی عکس روش مورد نظر ما عمل می کنید. آیا وقتی شما فارسی حرف می زنید جمله سازی می کنید؟ خیر .. چرا؟ برای اینکه جملاتی که می خواهید بگویید قبلا بارها خوانده اید یا بگوشتان آشناست. خیالتان راحت باشد، آنقدر جمله های متعدد حفظ خواهید کرد که نیاز به جمله سازی پیدا نمی کنید. مکالمه زبان را وارد زندگی خود کنید اگر بخواهید این جملات را به انگلیسی خیلی سریع بگویید، می توانید؟ تلویزیون را خاموش کن، سفره رو بنداز، ببین کیه در می زنه؟ برو درستو بخون... یکی از اشتباهات بزرگ شیوه تدریس زبان در مدارس ما، تفاوت آن با نحوه حرف زدن یک نوزاد است. وقتی فرزند شما متولد می شود اولین کلماتی که با آنها آشنا می شود ، بعد از بابا و ماما، افعال امر هستند ، مثل بیا، بشین، دست نزن، جیزه!، دهنتو باز کن، بگو ماما، بخند و .... اما ما در مدارس با جملات کامل خبری شروع می کنیم! .. He is a teacher! ، I am a student! ..... این موضوع را می توان بزرگترین نقص نظام آموزش زبان انگلیسی در مدارس دانست. تحصیلکردگان دانشگاهی ما هنوز نمی توانند فرق بین get، take و put را بخوبی درک کنند، چرا ؟ چون تنها با کاربرد امری این افعال جایگاه واقعی آنها مشخص می شود. در اینجا قصد نداریم شما را به یادگرفتن افعال و شیوه کاربرد آنها توصیه کنیم ..چون قبلا گفتیم در یادگیری مکالمه ، گرامر به طور مستقل وارد عمل نمی شود بلکه در قالب جملات آموخته می شود. پیشنهادی که ما داریم اینست: 1- چند شب پشت سر هم در حالیکه اعضای خانواده شما متوجه نیستند، ضبط صوت خود را روشن کنید تا مکالمات عادی افراد داخل منزل( مثلا حین صرف شام) ضبط شود. 2- در مرحله بعد تمام جملات رد و بدل شده بین اعضای خانواده را از روی نوار در دفتر خود بنویسید. 3- چون چند شب پشت سر هم ضبط کرده اید ، خواهید دید که برخی جمله ها تکراری است، انها را حذف کنید 4- به کمک استاد خود یا یک کسی که زبان خوبی دارد ، این جملات را تر جمه کنید 5- جملات را حفظ کنید همین ...الان شما قادر هستید با همین جملاتی که حفظ کردید در منزل انگلیسی حرف بزنید!!! چون گفتار های خانوادگی و روزمره ما بسیار محدود و اکثرا تکراری هستند . توسعه توانمندی خود 1- به طور کلی شیوه ای که اینجانب توصیه می کنم بر مبنای ترجمه " فارسی به انگلیسی" است. شما باید جملات ساده فارسی را بتوانید به انگلیسی ترجمه و حفظ کنید . آنوقت است که می توانید اعتماد بنفس لازم را بیابید. 2- از این شاخه به آن شاخه نپرید، روش های گوناگون را امتحان نکنید، انواع نوارها و کتابها را نخرید.. تنها یک مجموعه کتاب و نوار را تهیه و با همان ها شروع کنید. ( من در مورد نوع دوره و کتاب پیشنهادی ندارم ..خود تان تحقیق نمایید ، کتاب مهم نیست روش مهم است ..ما درباره روش صحبت کردیم .. اما شخصا دوره هایی که کتاب یا نوار کمتری داشته باشند مثل streamline یا New interchange یا امثال ان به سیستم های جهشی معروفند و سریعتر نتیجه می دهند. 3- برخی یادداشت ها و تذکر های ی روزمره خود را انگلیسی بنویسید...تذکرات به خودتان...دوستان یا اعضای خانواده ..قوانین منزل یا محل کار ..جملات کوچکی هستند ولی همیشه یادتان می ماند. 4- فینگلیش ننویسید ..در چت و ایمیل انگلیسی بنویسید حتی اگر همه اش غلط باشد ..از هر ایمیل یک چیز کوچک یاد بگیرید کافیست. 5- ترجمه متون را از طریق یادگیری مکالمه انجام دهید ...مکالمه شما که پیشرفت کند خود بخود در ترجمه هم موفق می شوید. نکته آخر: در جای جای محل کار و منزل خود جملات مهم را بنویسید و نصب کنید تا هر روز در مقابل چشمانتان باشد ..جمله ..نه لغت!!! موفق باشید تهیه و تنظیم : گروه زبان انگلیسی مقطع راهنمایی شهرستان رامسر __________________

 

چگونه انگليسي ياد بگيريم؟

 

چگونه انگليسي ياد بگيريم؟

1- انگيزه: مانند کسى باشيد که دوست دارد انگليسي بياموزد.

2- ديکشنري: يک ديکشنري انگليسي خوب تهيه کنيد.

3- اشتباه ممنوع: از اشتباهات پرهيز کنيد.

4- تلفظ: تلفظ اصوات انگليسي و علائم فونتيک را ياد بگيريد.

5- ورودي: با خواندن و شنيدن مکرر جملات، انگليسي را در ذهنتان ماندگار کنيد.

 گروه اموزشی زبان انگلیسی مقطع راهنمایی شهرستان رامسر

idioms about money

English idioms relating to   MONEY
Back-of-the-envelope calculation	This expression refers to quick approximate calculation done   informally, as on the back of an envelope.   "I don't need the exact amount.    Just give me a back-of-the-envelope calculation."
Bet your bottom dollar	If you bet your bottom dollar on something, you are absolutely   certain of it.   "Jack is very punctual.  You can bet your bottom dollar he'll be here   at 9 o'clock on the dot."
Tighten your belt.	If you need to tighten your belt, you must spend your money carefully.   "Another bill?  I'll have to tighten my belt this month!"
Born with a silver spoon in  one's mouth	A person who is born with a silver spoon in their mouth is born   into a very rich family.   "She never has to worry about money; she was born with a silver spoon    in her mouth."
On the breadline	People who live on the breadline have a very low income or barely   enough money to survive.   "Due to the recent crisis, there are more people on the breadline than   ever before."
Burn your fingers	If you burn your fingers (or get your fingers burnt), you suffer financially   as a result of foolish behaviour.   "Jack got his fingers burnt playing on the stock market."
A cash cow	A product or service which is a regular source of income for a company   is called a cash cow.   "His latest invention turned out to be a real cash cow."
Cash in your chips	If you cash in your chips, you sell something, especially shares,   either because you need the money or because you think the value is   going to fall.   "Andy cashed in his chips as soon as business started to slow down."
Other side of the coin	When you want to mention a different or contradictory aspect of a   situation, you refer to the other side of the coin.   "The house is lovely and spacious, but the other side of the coin is that   it is far from shops and schools."
Cost an arm and a leg.	If something costs an arm and a leg, it is very expensive!   "The house cost us an arm and a leg, but we have no regrets."
Go Dutch	To go Dutch with somebody means to share the cost of something,   such as a meal or a concert.   "Young people today tend to go Dutch when they go out together."
Feather your nest	To say of someone that they are feathering their nest is to say that   they are taking advantage of their position in order to obtain money   so as to have a comfortable life.
Feed the kitty	If you feed the kitty, you contribute to a collection of money called   a "kitty" in order to help a good cause.   Come on - every little helps. You can afford to feed the kitty for a   good cause!
Feel the pinch	When someone feels the pinch, they begin to suffer from a lack of   money.   "With the drop in tourism, hotels and restaurants are beginning to  feel the pinch."
Golden handcuffs	The term golden handcuffs refers to a large sum of money or a   generous financial arrangement granted to an executive as an   incentive to stay in their job, or to ensure long-term cooperation   after their departure.
Golden handshake	A golden handshake is a generous sum of money given to a person   when they leave a company or retire   (sometimes given to encourage early retirement).
Gravy train	If someone is on the gravy train, they have found an easy way   to make money, one that requires little effort and is without risk.  "Since the village has become fashionable he charges for every   photograph taken of his house - he's on the gravy train!"
Hard up	If you are hard up, you have very little money.   "We were so hard up we had to sleep in the car."
On the house	Something which is "on the house" is offered free of charge,   usually in a bar or restaurant.   "The new owner offered us a drink on the house."
Ill-gotten gains	Money, profit or benefits that are made in a dishonest or illegal   manner are called ill-gotten gains.   "He won money by cheating and is now enjoying his ill-gotten gains."
Keep your head above water.	To keep one's head above water means to try to survive   by staying out of debt, for example a small business.
Keep the wolf from the door	In order to keep the wolf from the door, you need to have enough   money to buy food and other essentials.   "My grandparents earned barely enough to keep the wolf from the door."
Kickback	This expression refers to money paid illegally for favourable treatment.   "The property developers were accused of giving kickbacks to the local   authorities."
Laugh all the way to the bank	A person who makes a lot of money easily, especially through   someone else's stupidity, is said to laugh all the way to the bank.   "If we don't succeed in renewing the contract, our competitors will be   laughing all the way to the  bank"
Licence to print money	This expression refers to an officially authorized activity which enables   people to make a lot of money without much effort.   "The contract to supply computers to schools was a licence to print   money."
Live beyond one's means	If someone lives beyond their means, they spend more money   than they earn or can afford.   "The cost of living was so much higher in New York that he was soon   living beyond his means."
Loan shark	A loan shark is an unauthorised person who lends money at   extremely high interest rates to people who are unable to obtain   a loan from the bank.   "The young immigrant was beaten because he was late paying   back money to a loan shark."
Lose your shirt	If you lose your shirt, you lose all your money or possessions,   especially as a result of speculation or gambling.   "He lost his shirt when the bank went bankrupt."
Make a killing	If you say that someone has made a killing you mean that they   have had great financial success  "He made a killing on the stock market."
Make ends meet.	To make ends meet means to have enough money to live on.   "It's hard to make ends meet on such a low salary."
Look/feel like a million dollars	If you look/feel like a million dollars, you look/feel extremely good.   "With a tan and a new hairstyle, she looked like a million dollars."
Made of money	A person who is made of money is very rich and can buy whatever   they want.   "Hey! I can't afford that much! I'm not made of money!"
Money burns a hole in your pocket	To say that money burns a hole in somebody's pocket means that   they are eager to spend it quickly or extravagantly.    "As soon as she's paid she goes shopping.  Money burns a hole in her   pocket!"
Money laundering	When people launder money, they manage to conceal the source   of illegally-obtained money so that it is believed to be legitimate.   "Certain countries have been accused of facilitating money laundering."
Money to burn	People who have money to burn have so much money that   they can spend it on anything they want.
Money doesn't grow on trees	To say that money doesn't grow on trees means that it is not   plentiful or easily obtained.   "Be careful how you spend your money David.  It doesn't grow on trees   you know!"
Money for old rope	This expression refers to money earned from a task that requires    very little effort.   "Getting paid for watering the garden is money for old rope!"
Money spinner	If an activity is a money spinner, it is a very successful way of   making money.   "Washing cars was quite a money spinner when I was a student."
Money talks	Money talks means that people with a lot of money have power   and influence.
More money than sense	If you have more money than sense, you have a lot of money which   you waste by spending it in a foolish manner.   "He celebrated the birth of the baby by buying a sports car.   He's got   more money than sense!"
Put money where your mouth is	To put money where your mouth is means to give financial support   to activities or causes that you believe are right.
Rake in the money	If you rake in the money, you make money in large quantities.  "Bob's business is so successful, he's raking in the money."
See the colour of somebody's money	If you want to see the colour of somebody's money, you want to   make sure that the person in question has enough money to pay you   before you accept to do something.  "I want to see the colour of his money before shipping the goods."
Throw good money after bad	Someone who spends additional money on something that was   already considered a bad investment is said to throw good money   after bad.   "Buying a second-hand computer and then spending money to have    it repaired is throwing good money after bad!"
Throw money at something	If you throw money at something, you try to solve a problem by   spending money on it, without using any other methods.   "The refugee problem cannot be solved just by throwing money at it."
Nest egg	If you have a nest egg, you have a reserve of money which you put   aside for future needs.   "Our parents consider the money from the sale of their house as a   nest egg for their old age."
Be paid peanuts	If you are paid peanuts, you have a very low salary.   "Anne has a very interesting job but she's paid peanuts.    Her salary is very low. "
Pick up the tab	If you pick up the tab, you pay the bill or pay the cost of something.   "There was a celebration lunch for the group and Bill picked up the tab."
Pretty penny	If something costs you a pretty penny, it costs you a lot of money.   "That new car must have cost him a pretty penny!"
Price oneself out of the market	If you price yourself out of the market, you charge such a high price   for your goods or services that nobody buys them.   "He was so eager to make money that he priced himself out of the   market."
From rags to riches	If you go from rags to riches, you start off being very poor and   become very rich and successful   "By renovating old houses in the right places, he went from rags to riches."
Rake in the money	If you rake in the money, you make money in large quantities.   "Bob's business is so successful, he's raking in the money."
Rob Peter to pay Paul	If a person robs Peter to pay Paul, they pay one debt with money   borrowed from somewhere else, thus creating another debt.   "David borrowed money from a friend to cover his overdraft;   a typical case of robbing Peter to pay Paul!"
See the colour of somebody's money	If you want to see the colour of somebody's money, you want   to make sure that the person in question has enough money to pay you   before you accept to do something.   "I want to see the colour of his money before shipping the goods."
Set you back	The sum of money something sets you back is the amount it   costs you.   "Changing the heating system would set us back about $5 000."
On a shoestring	If you do something on a shoestring, you do it with very little money.   "When I was a student I lived on a shoestring."
Splash out	If you splash out on something, you spend a lot of money on it.   "Sarah's parents really splashed out on her wedding."
It's a steal!	If you find something you want to buy for a very low price, much   lower than what it is worth, you can say "It's a steal"!   "He's selling it for $10? At that price it's a steal!"
Why buy a cow when you can get  milk for free?	This expression refers to not paying for something that you can   obtain for free.   (Sometimes used to refer to a decision not to marry when you can    have the benefits of marriage without any commitment.)   Rent is high so Bobby is still living with his parents.  He says:    Why buy a cow when you can get milk for free?
تهیه و تنظیم : شاهمنصوریان      موبایل : [phone]

 

 

 

Irregular Noun Plurals

Irregular Noun Plurals

When the final -y is preceded by a consonant, change the -y to -i and add -es:

baby-->babies
lady-->ladies

If a noun ends in -fe or -f, the ending is changed to -ves (except: beliefs, chiefs, roofs, staffs).

life-->lives
thief-->thieves

Add -es to nouns ending in -sh, -ch, -s, -z, and -x. (Exceptions: monarchs, stomachs.)

wish-->wishes
class-->classes

Both the -s and -es spellings are accepted for nouns ending in -o.

tomato-->tomatoes
hero-->heroes

The plural possessive form of these nouns is also irregular.

child-->children
foot-->feet
goose-->geese
man-->men
tooth-->teeth

The plural is the same as the singular for these nouns.

deer-->deer
fish-->fish
sheep-->sheep
species-->species

The final sound of these plurals is pronounced like the word sees.

crisis-->crises
thesis-->theses
 

 

Information Questions

Information Questions

Many times you will want to ask a question that elicits information, instead of a simple yes/no answer. Information questions will begin with one of the following words:

WHO
WHERE
WHOM
WHAT
WHOSE
WHICH
WHY
HOW
WHEN

Who refers to people. It is used as the subject of the question.

Whom is used as the object of a verb or preposition.

Whose asks questions about possession.

Why is used to ask questions about reason.

When is used to ask questions about time.

Where is used to ask questions about place.

What can be used as the subject or object of a question. It refers to things.

Which is used instead of what when a question concerns choosing from a definite, known quantity or group.

How generally asks about manner. It is often used with much and many.

When a form of to be is the main verb in the simple present and simple past, it precedes the subject:

--Who is that man?

--Where is the airport?

--Where are the checks?

--What time is it?

 

Asking Questions

Asking Questions

In English, you can ask simple yes/no questions by either inverting the subject and verb or by using rising intonation:

--We can change money here.
(simple, declarative statement)

--Can we change money here?
(question with verb first)

--We can change money here?
(question with rising intonation)

NOTE: In the case of the simple present tense, it is necessary to use a form of the verb to do as an auxiliary in making a question:

--They like this bank.
-->Do they like this bank?

--You have a passport.
-->Do you have a passport

 

Contractions

Contractions

You will want to learn how to use contractions as soon as possible. Contractions are used constantly in informal English. Examples of contracted subject/verb forms are:

TO BE:

I am-->I'm
he is-->he's
we are-->we're
you are-->you're
they are-->they're

TO HAVE:

I have-->I've
we have-->we've
you have-->you've
they have-->they've

Contractions are frequently used with compound forms of verbs, especially the progressive or continuous form of the present tense (I'm going. / We're leaving.) and the present perfect forms (I've received the letter. / They've already left.)

 

Imperatives (The Command Form)

Imperatives (The Command Form)

It is simple to use the imperative or command form in English. When a command is directed at someone else, use the you form of the simple present tense:

--You take the elevator.
-->Take the elevator.

(Simply drop the subject you.)

If the command includes you and others, use the we form:

--We take our luggage.
-->Let's take the luggage.

(Drop the subject we and add let's [let us

 

Some and Any

Using Some and Any

In English the words some and any are used before plural nouns: some money, some dollars, any change, etc.

However, it is often possible to leave out the word some in declarative sentences:

--We have (some) checks.

--Mr. Roberts gives them (some) money.

The word any is usually used in questions and negations to replace some:

--Do you have any change?

--Do you have some change?

--They don't have any friends.

 

Adjectives and Adverbs

Placement of Adjectives and Adverbs

Adjectives and adverbs are invariable in English. Adjectives always come in front of the noun they modify. Adverbs usually come after the verb they modify.

ADJECTIVES:

a good book
an excellent dinner
a fine wine
a charming person
a hot day
an unreasonable person

ADVERBS:

--This newspaper is published frequently.
--The Immigration Agent is speaking quickly.
 

 

A Few, Few, A Little, and Little

Using A Few, Few, A Little, and Little

A few and few are used with plural count nouns:

--a few friends, few ideas, a few things to do, etc.

A little and little are used with noncount nouns:

--little money, a little rain, a little wind, etc.

NOTE: Few and little give a negative idea, conveying the notion that something is largely absent:

--They have very little money.
--We have few options remaining.

NOTE: A few and a little give a positive idea, indicating that something exists or is present:

--I have a little free time today.
--Do you have a few moments?
 

 

Useful Dictionaries

Useful  Dictionaries

 Longman Learner's Dictionary of American English
Longman is the very best for students learning English to study, live and work in North America. This dictionary provides lots of handy reference materials, special in-depth looks at issues such as idioms, phrasal verbs and more.

 American Heritage Dictionary for Learners of English
The American Heritage® Dictionary for Learners of English is especially designed to suit the needs of ESL students. With an up-to-date word list and definitions adapted from The American Heritage® Dictionary databases, abundant sample sentences and phrases, and an easy-to-use alphabetic pronunciation system all provide an excellent learning tool.

 Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary
The standard in British English, the Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary provides the ideal tool for English learners who wish to take any of the Cambridge advanced exams (FCE, CAE and Proficiency). Dictionary includes a learning CD-ROM with helpful resources and exercises

By : shamansourian

 

 

 

Using A Few, Few, A Little, and Little

Using A Few, Few, A Little, and Little

A few and few are used with plural count nouns:

--a few friends, few ideas, a few things to do, etc.

A little and little are used with noncount nouns:

--little money, a little rain, a little wind, etc.

NOTE: Few and little give a negative idea, conveying the notion that something is largely absent:

--They have very little money.
--We have few options remaining.

NOTE: A few and a little give a positive idea, indicating that something exists or is present:

--I have a little free time today.
--Do you have a few moments?
 

عجیب‌ترین جمله در زبان انگلیسی!!!

عجیب‌ترین جمله در زبان انگلیسی!!!

این جمله با کلمه ای یک حرفی آغاز می شود٬ کلمه دوم دو حرفیست٬‌ چهارم چهار حرفی... تا بیستمین کلمه بیست حرفی
نویسنده این جمله یا مغز دستور زبان بوده یا بی کار:

I do not know where family doctors acquired illegibly perplexing handwriting nevertheless, extraordinary pharmaceutical intellectuality counterbalancing indecipherability, transcendentalizes intercommunications incomprehensibleness

ترجمه جمله:
نمیدانم این دكترهای خانواده گی این دست خطهای گیج کننده را از کجا کسب میکنند.با این حال سواد پزشکی انها غیر قابل کشف بودن این دست خط ها را جبران کرده و بر غیر قابل کشف بودن انها ( دست خط ) برتری میجوید.

تهیه و تنظیم : شاهمنصوریان